1-Ottoman

=(Ottoman Empire), 1750-1914= = = =Political:=
 * military decline since seventeenth century
 * janissaries became corrupt
 * loss of territory ( __Muhammad Ali__ in Egypt for example)
 * __tanzima__t reform (__Young Ottomans__ wanted more reform)
 * pattern of governmental overthrow ( __Mahmud II__ and __Young Turks__)

=Economic:=
 * economic difficulty since seventeenth century
 * inability to collect taxes- governors became independent
 * less trade; exported raw materials;led to European dependence; which led to capitulations
 * reform attempts were unsuccessful

=Religious:=
 * Islam
 * over time government became increasingly secularized

=Social:=
 * several attempted reforms; educational, legal, and infrastructure
 * adopted European traditions

=Intellectual:=
 * modernized educational system (no more mosque schools)
 * Eurpean science and technology

=(Technology):=
 * Euorpean science and technology (Ottomans were behind in technology; always used second hand Euopean technology)

=Near Geographic:=
 * Middle East
 * loss of territory