Compare+forms+of+western+intervention+in+Latin+America+and+in+Africa

 Western Intervention in Latin America:

Thesis: Western Intervention in Latin America and African counties directly impacted the developement of their societies and lifestyles, both past and to come.  [|Nicaragua] [|General LA]     -Intervention occured in places like Nicaragua, due to the possibilty of easily accessing popular trade routes from the United States to popular South American countries.  HAITI- South America- Brazil- Mexico-
 * The first successful Latin American revolt took place in Haiti, a french island colony in the Carribean.
 * By 1800 90% of the population were slaves
 * Exported coffee, sugar, cocoa, and indigo
 * 1801 a former slave Pierre Toussaint L'Ouverture formed a successful yet violent slave revolt
 * 1804 Jacques Dessalines Toussaint's lieutenant proclaimed Haiti a free republic
 * Haiti was the first independant nation in Latin America
 * Venezuela rejected Bonaparte's govenor and appointed their own leader Simon Bolivar
 * 1811 Bolivar helped establish a national congress which declared independence from Spain
 * In the following decades the individual nation-states of northwestern South America formed their own governments.
 * In Argentina Jose De San Martin a creole (American-Born Spaniard) began to put his military experience in use for the rebels by taking command of the argentinian armies in 1814
 * San Martin and Bernardo O'Higgins of Chile took the revolutionary movements not only through Argentina and Chile but also Peru and joined forces with Bolivar
 * By the 1820's a huge chunk of South America had sucessfully declared its independence from Spain
 * Brazil was a Portuguese colony
 * 1807 when Portugal was invaded by Napolean John VI the Portuguese King fled to Brazil and set up his royal court in exile.
 * 1821 Napolean was defeated and John VI went back to Portugal but left his 23 year old son Pedro
 * John VI left Pedro in charge of running the huge colony
 * Less than a year later Pedro declared Brazil's Independence and crowned himself emperor
 * Within a few more years Brazil had a constitution.
 * Pedro's son Pedro II ruled Brazil through much of the 19th century
 * 1888 the abolition of slavery
 * 1889 the land owning class revolted against the monarchy and established a republic
 * 1810 Miguel Hidalgo led a revolt against Spanish rule. the spanish armies resisted and put down the revolt and executed Hidalgo at Calderon Bridge
 * Jose Moreoles picked up where Hidalgo left off and led the revolutionaries to success against loyalists.
 * 1815 Jose was executed
 * 1821 Independence was finally acheived
 * Treaty of Cordoba

Western Intervention in Africa:  Berlin Conference: -The Berlin Conference, 1884-1885 -European powers set rules for carving Africa into colonies -Occupation, supported by European armies, established colonial rule in Africa -By 1900 all of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, was controlled by European power

Egypt: -britain controlled egypt to protect investment suez canal 1882 -dominated trade -levied their own taxes -along with the french attacked with military force against leader of egypt after losing control -greatly increased egypts middle eastern influence

South Africa: -South Africa settled first by Dutch farmers (Afrikaners) in seventeenth century -By 1800 was a European settler colony with enslaved black African population -British seized Cape Colony in early nineteenth century, abolished slavery in 1833 -British-Dutch tensions led to Great Trek of Afrikaners inland to claim new lands -Mid-nineteenth century, they established Orange Free State in 1854, Transvaal in 1860 -Discovery of gold and diamonds in Afrikaner lands; influx of British settlers -Boer War, 1899-1902: British defeated Afrikaners, Union of South Africa

Congo: -Belgian king ordered colony be formed in congo in 1870s -Controlled by belgian king until problems were too great -Extremely plentiful rubber trees made it a huge producer -during slave trade guns were traded to congo for slaves rounded up by other africans

Sudan: -1898 british soldiers killed 11,000 sudanese in 5 hours at battle of omdurman



[|Africa1]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(19, 168, 221)">Analysis:

Due to western intervention in Latin America and Africa, many things such as strong trade routes and industrial advances such as a massive rubber monopoly came to be. From revolts in Haiti to the abolishment of slavery in Africa, western influence, most of the time, directly molded how many communites came to be. In Africa, western intervention is prodominant due to the fact that the general borders of the modern day African countries are based off the map drawn during the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885. Western settlers and native communities clashed regularly, and oftentimes, the westerners won, chaning and shaping much of Africa into a continent that was not entirely their own to end in. Afrikaners, for an instance, shaped much of South Africa's societies, which, even nowadays, still holds some of the ideals the Afrikaners (who have left by now) held true. Another advance that can be directly due to western influences is the developement of African and Latin American democrocies. Elections were held for the first time in South America due to a direct intervention of western forces to abolish the cruelties and injustices there. And though much of western intervention benefitted the countries they applied to, they also made tensions rise between the countries interventing and the countries being intervened.

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